GNAI2

Overview

Mutations in the GNAI2 gene, which encodes the G protein alpha subunit involved in signal transduction, have been identified as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas, including BL, DLBCL and, to a lesser extent, FL.¹ Mutations in GNAI2, along with GNA13 and other small GTPases, affect the signaling pathways that regulate B-cell homing. These mutations are thought to cause aberrant localization and function of B-cells within lymphoid tissues.¹ The functional role of these mutations has not been studied as extensively as those in GNA13 and further work is needed to elucidate the specific role of these mutations in lymphomagenesis.

History

Mutations were first described in DLBCL in 2013 by Morin et al¹ and in BL in 2019 by Grande et al.²

%%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'dark' } }%% timeline title Publication timing 2013-08-15 : Morin : DLBCL 2017-10-10 : Reddy : DLBCL 2018-05-01 : Chapuy : DLBCL 2018-10-01 : Arthur : DLBCL 2019-03-21 : Grande : BL 2021-05-05 : Hubschmann : DLBCL

Relevance tier by entity

Entity	Tier	Description
	1	high-confidence BL gene¹
	1	high-confidence DLBCL gene²
	1	high-confidence FL gene

Mutation incidence in large patient cohorts (GAMBL reanalysis)

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Mutation pattern and selective pressure estimates

Entity	aSHM	Significant selection	dN/dS (missense)	dN/dS (nonsense)
BL	No	Yes	18.304	0.000
DLBCL	No	Yes	32.161	57.623
FL	No	Yes	55.205	0.000

GNAI2 Hotspots

Chromosome	Coordinate (hg19)	ref>alt	HGVSp
chr3	50289532	G>A	G40D
chr3	50289546	G>T	G45W
chr3	50289547	G>A	G45E
chr3	50289553	G>A	S47N
chr3	50289554	C>G	S47R
chr3	50289555	A>C	T48P
chr3	50289568	A>G	Q52R
chr3	50293686	T>G	L176R
chr3	50293695	G>A	R179H
chr3	50293698	T>A	V180E
chr3	50293703	A>G	T182A

View coding variants in ProteinPaint hg19 or hg38

View all variants in GenomePaint hg19 or hg38

GNAI2 Expression

References

Grande BM, Gerhard DS, Jiang A, Griner NB, Abramson JS, Alexander TB, Allen H, Ayers LW, Bethony JM, Bhatia K, Bowen J, Casper C, Choi JK, Culibrk L, Davidsen TM, Dyer MA, Gastier-Foster JM, Gesuwan P, Greiner TC, Gross TG, Hanf B, Harris NL, He Y, Irvin JD, Jaffe ES, Jones SJM, Kerchan P, Knoetze N, Leal FE, Lichtenberg TM, Ma Y, Martin JP, Martin MR, Mbulaiteye SM, Mullighan CG, Mungall AJ, Namirembe C, Novik K, Noy A, Ogwang MD, Omoding A, Orem J, Reynolds SJ, Rushton CK, Sandlund JT, Schmitz R, Taylor C, Wilson WH, Wright GW, Zhao EY, Marra MA, Morin RD, Staudt LM. Genome-wide discovery of somatic coding and noncoding mutations in pediatric endemic and sporadic Burkitt lymphoma. Blood. 2019;133(12):1313–1324. PMCID: PMC6428665

Morin RD, Mungall K, Pleasance E, Mungall AJ, Goya R, Huff RD, Scott DW, Ding J, Roth A, Chiu R, Corbett RD, Chan FC, Mendez-Lago M, Trinh DL, Bolger-Munro M, Taylor G, Hadj Khodabakhshi A, Ben-Neriah S, Pon J, Meissner B, Woolcock B, Farnoud N, Rogic S, Lim EL, Johnson NA, Shah S, Jones S, Steidl C, Holt R, Birol I, Moore R, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Marra MA. Mutational and structural analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing. Blood. 2013 Aug 15;122(7):1256–1265. PMCID: PMC3744992