Welcome to Lymphopedia!

Overview

This is a comprehensive catalogue of genes that have been nominated as recurrently mutated in one of several common or rare B-cell lymphomas. Each gene is categorized based on the level and quality of supporting data in the original study and other comparable datasets. Details for each gene can be found on their respective pages. The novel genes nominated by each study can be found on the study-centric pages.

To get started, select one of the gene lists from the table below then select the gene page link for any gene in the table or explore the genes nominated by individual studies.

Common B-cell lymphomas

Entity Tier 1 (high-confidence) Tier 2 (low-confidence) Tier 3 (retired)
BL (tsv) 32 genes 72 genes 70 genes
DLBCL (tsv) 125 genes 210 genes 387 genes
FL (tsv) 54 genes 59 genes 0 genes

Combined gene list

History of lymphoma genes in common entities

--- config: sankey: showValues: false linkColor: target width: 750 height: 1150 nodeAlignment: left --- sankey-beta Albuquerque 2017, DLBCL Tier 1, 3 Lohr 2012, DLBCL Tier 1, 3 Lohr 2012, DLBCL Tier 2, 1 Pasqualucci 2001, DLBCL Tier 1, 2 Pasqualucci 2001, DLBCL Tier 2, 2 Mareschal 2016, DLBCL Tier 1, 2 Arthur 2018, DLBCL Tier 1, 8 Arthur 2018, DLBCL Tier 2, 12 Morin 2016, DLBCL Tier 1, 2 Morin 2013, DLBCL Tier 1, 11 Morin 2013, DLBCL Tier 2, 29 Pasqualucci 2011, DLBCL Tier 1, 2 Hubschmann 2021, DLBCL Tier 1, 3 Hubschmann 2021, DLBCL Tier 2, 20 Chapuy 2018, DLBCL Tier 1, 2 Chapuy 2018, DLBCL Tier 2, 17 Pasqualucci 2011, DLBCL Tier 1, 3 Pasqualucci 2011, DLBCL Tier 2, 4 Reddy 2017, DLBCL Tier 1, 7 Reddy 2017, DLBCL Tier 2, 53 Zhang 2013, DLBCL Tier 1, 11 Zhang 2013, DLBCL Tier 2, 8 Schmitz 2018, DLBCL Tier 1, 7 Schmitz 2018, DLBCL Tier 2, 9 Morin 2011, DLBCL Tier 1, 24 Morin 2011, DLBCL Tier 2, 1 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 7 DLBCL exome, Pasqualucci 2011, 7 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 19 DLBCL exome, Chapuy 2018, 19 DLBCL, DLBCL WGS, 23 DLBCL WGS, Hubschmann 2021, 23 DLBCL, DLBCL WGS/exome, 2 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 2 DLBCL exome, Pasqualucci 2011, 2 DLBCL, DLBCL RNA-seq/WGS, 25 DLBCL RNA-seq/WGS, Morin 2011, 25 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 19 DLBCL exome, Zhang 2013, 19 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 16 DLBCL exome, Schmitz 2018, 16 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 60 DLBCL exome, Reddy 2017, 60 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 4 DLBCL exome, Lohr 2012, 4 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 3 DLBCL exome, Albuquerque 2017, 3 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 2 DLBCL exome, Morin 2016, 2 DLBCL, DLBCL WGS, 40 DLBCL WGS, Morin 2013, 40 DLBCL, DLBCL exome, 2 DLBCL exome, Mareschal 2016, 2 DLBCL, DLBCL WGS, 20 DLBCL WGS, Arthur 2018, 20 DLBCL, DLBCL Sanger, 4 DLBCL Sanger, Pasqualucci 2001, 4 Pasqualucci 2011, FL Tier 1, 2 Hubschmann 2021, FL Tier 1, 2 Hubschmann 2021, FL Tier 2, 15 Krysiak 2017, FL Tier 1, 17 Krysiak 2017, FL Tier 2, 5 Morin 2011, FL Tier 1, 14 Morin 2011, FL Tier 2, 1 Okosun 2016, FL Tier 1, 2 Russler-germain 2023, FL Tier 1, 1 Russler-germain 2023, FL Tier 2, 19 FL, FL WGS, 17 FL WGS, Hubschmann 2021, 17 FL, FL exome, 2 FL exome, Pasqualucci 2011, 2 FL, FL RNA-seq/WGS, 15 FL RNA-seq/WGS, Morin 2011, 15 FL, FL exome, 22 FL exome, Krysiak 2017, 22 FL, FL exome, 20 FL exome, Russler-germain 2023, 20 FL, FL WGS, 2 FL WGS, Okosun 2016, 2 Muppidi 2014, BL Tier 1, 1 Muppidi 2014, BL Tier 2, 2 Panea 2019, BL Tier 1, 4 Panea 2019, BL Tier 2, 36 Thomas 2023, BL Tier 1, 2 Thomas 2023, BL Tier 2, 3 Grande 2019, BL Tier 1, 9 Grande 2019, BL Tier 2, 4 Richter 2012, BL Tier 1, 5 Burkhardt 2022, BL Tier 2, 25 Schmitz 2012, BL Tier 1, 3 Schmitz 2012, BL Tier 2, 16 Love 2012, BL Tier 1, 3 Love 2012, BL Tier 2, 56 BL, BL RNA-seq/exome, 40 BL RNA-seq/exome, Panea 2019, 40 BL, BL Sanger, 3 BL Sanger, Muppidi 2014, 3 BL, BL WGS, 5 BL WGS, Thomas 2023, 5 BL, BL panel, 25 BL panel, Burkhardt 2022, 25 BL, BL WGS, 13 BL WGS, Grande 2019, 13 BL, BL RNA-seq/WGS/exome, 5 BL RNA-seq/WGS/exome, Richter 2012, 5 BL, BL exome, 59 BL exome, Love 2012, 59 BL, BL RNA-seq, 19 BL RNA-seq, Schmitz 2012, 19

Rare B-cell lymphomas

Entity Tier 1 (high-confidence) Tier 2 (low-confidence) Tier 3 (retired)
PMBL(tsv) 76 genes 82 genes 0 genes
MCL (tsv) 23 genes 46 genes 0 genes
MZL (tsv) 42 genes 74 genes 0 genes

* PMBL gene list includes genes attributed to classical Hodgkin lymphoma or marginal grey-zone lymphoma

History of lymphoma genes in rare entities

--- config: sankey: showValues: false linkColor: target width: 750 height: 1050 nodeAlignment: right --- sankey-beta Rossi 2011, MZL Tier 1, 4 Spina 2016, MZL Tier 1, 8 Yan 2012, MZL Tier 1, 2 Rossi 2012, MZL Tier 1, 10 Jallades 2017, MZL Tier 1, 2 Rossi 2012, MZL Tier 2, 11 Parry 2013, MZL Tier 2, 7 Spina 2016, MZL Tier 2, 23 Vandenbrand 2017, MZL Tier 2, 2 Jallades 2017, MZL Tier 2, 26 Rossi 2011, MZL Tier 2, 1 MZL, MZL Panel, 2 MZL, MZL Panel, 2 MZL, MZL Sanger, 5 MZL, MZL exome, 21 MZL, MZL exome, 28 MZL, MZL exome, 7 MZL, MZL exome/panel, 31 MZL Sanger, Rossi 2011, 5 MZL Panel, Vandenbrand 2017, 2 MZL Panel, Yan 2012, 2 MZL exome, Jallades 2017, 28 MZL exome/panel, Spina 2016, 31 MZL exome, Rossi 2012, 21 MZL exome, Parry 2013, 7 Zhang 2014, MCL Tier 1, 2 Zhang 2014, MCL Tier 2, 26 Bea 2013, MCL Tier 1, 11 Bea 2013, MCL Tier 2, 16 Nadeu 2020, MCL Tier 1, 3 Nadeu 2020, MCL Tier 2, 2 Pararajalingam 2020, MCL Tier 1, 6 Pararajalingam 2020, MCL Tier 2, 1 MCL, MCL WGS/exome, 27 MCL WGS/exome, Bea 2013, 27 MCL, MCL WGS/exome, 7 MCL WGS/exome, Pararajalingam 2020, 7 MCL, MCL WGS, 5 MCL WGS, Nadeu 2020, 5 MCL, MCL-exome, 28 MCL exome, Zhang 2014, 28 PMBL Sanger, Weniger 2006, 2 PMBL, PMBL Sanger, 2 Tiacci 2018, PMBL Tier 1, 1 Tiacci 2018, PMBL Tier 2, 9 Duns 2021, PMBL Tier 1, 5 Duns 2021, PMBL Tier 2, 8 Desch 2020, PMBL Tier 1, 1 Desch 2020, PMBL Tier 2, 9 Weniger 2006, PMBL Tier 1, 1 Weniger 2006, PMBL Tier 2, 1 Gomez 2023, PMBL Tier 1, 2 Gomez 2023, PMBL Tier 2, 5 Wienand 2019, PMBL Tier 1, 4 Wienand 2019, PMBL Tier 2, 3 Otto 2012, PMBL Tier 1, 2 Reichel 2015, PMBL Tier 1, 11 Reichel 2015, PMBL Tier 2, 18 Sarkozy 2021, PMBL Tier 1, 5 Sarkozy 2021, PMBL Tier 2, 6 Mottok 2019, PMBL Tier 1, 6 Mottok 2019, PMBL Tier 2, 15 PMBL, PMBL exome, 13 PMBL, PMBL exome, 10 PMBL, PMBL panel, 10 PMBL, PMBL exome, 7 PMBL, PMBL exome, 7 PMBL, PMBL exome, 29 PMBL, PMBL exome, 11 PMBL, PMBL exome, 21 PMBL exome, Gomez 2023, 7 PMBL exome, Wienand 2019, 7 PMBL exome, Reichel 2015, 29 PMBL, PMBL Array/Sanger, 2 PMBL Array/Sanger, Otto 2012, 2 PMBL exome, Sarkozy 2021, 11 PMBL exome, Mottok 2019, 21 PMBL exome, Tiacci 2018, 10 PMBL exome, Duns 2021, 13 PMBL panel, Desch 2020, 10

Regions commonly affected by aSHM

hg19 coordinates

hg38 coordinates

Origins of the individual lymphoma genes

All studies

Studies selected for manual review

Study Sequencing Method Entity Tier 1 genes contributed Genes failing QC
Love et al. (2012) Exome BL 3 48 (84%)
Morin et al. (2013) WGS DLBCL 9 7 (24%)
Reddy et al. (2017) Exome DLBCL 6 29 (55%)
Panea et al. (2019) Exome/RNA-seq BL 4 22 (55%)
Chapuy et al. (2018) Exome DLBCL 2 7 (41%)
Hübschmann et al. (2021) WGS DLBCL,FL 4 3 (9%)

Categorization of genes

Tiers

Tier 2 - Any gene described as significantly or recurrently mutated in one or more types of B-cell lymphoma is initially assigned to Tier 2 for that entity. The study describing the mutation of that gene in a particular entity is considered the originating study.

Tier 1 - Genes can transition to Tier 1 only after additional studies have demonstrated the recurrence of mutations in the same entity.

Additional Designations

aSHM - Denotes genes as affected by aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM). Tier 1 and Tier 2 genes can have this designation, respectively abbreviated as 1-a and 2-a. For example, see BCL7A.

Fail - Some studies with large additions to Tier 2 lists have undergone manual review of the primary data. If the majority of mutations in a gene fail QC, the gene will be given the designation 2-F. For example, see MARK1.

Other resources available for each gene

B-cell lymphoma genome browser

Gene expression overview

References

Chapuy, Bjoern, Chip Stewart, Andrew J. Dunford, Jaegil Kim, Atanas Kamburov, Robert A. Redd, Mike S. Lawrence, et al. 2018. “Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Are Associated with Distinct Pathogenic Mechanisms and Outcomes.” Nature Medicine 24 (5): 679–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0016-8.
Hübschmann, Daniel, Kortine Kleinheinz, Rabea Wagener, Stephan H. Bernhart, Cristina López, Umut H. Toprak, Stephanie Sungalee, et al. 2021. “Mutational Mechanisms Shaping the Coding and Noncoding Genome of Germinal Center Derived B-cell Lymphomas.” Leukemia 35 (7): 2002–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01251-z.
Love, Cassandra, Zhen Sun, Dereje Jima, Guojie Li, Jenny Zhang, Rodney Miles, Kristy L. Richards, et al. 2012. “The Genetic Landscape of Mutations in Burkitt Lymphoma.” Nature Genetics 44 (12): 1321–25. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2468.
Morin, Ryan D., Karen Mungall, Erin Pleasance, Andrew J. Mungall, Rodrigo Goya, Ryan D. Huff, David W. Scott, et al. 2013. “Mutational and Structural Analysis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.” Blood 122 (7): 1256–65. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-02-483727.
Panea, R., C. Love, Jennifer R. Shingleton, Anupama Reddy, J. Bailey, A. Moormann, J. Otieno, et al. 2019. “The Whole Genome Landscape of Burkitt Lymphoma Subtypes.” Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019001880.
Reddy, Anupama, Jenny Zhang, Nicholas S Davis, Andrea B Moffitt, Cassandra L Love, Alexander Waldrop, Sirpa Leppa, et al. 2017. “Genetic and Functional Drivers of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.” Cell 171 (2): 481–494.e15.

Citing

If you use the information or data from this site, please cite

Krysta Coyle, Kostiantyn Dreval, Daniel Hodson and Ryan D. Morin. Audit of B-cell cancer genes. Blood Adv (2025) 9 (8): 2019–2031.

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