updates

## Overview

KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations in KLF2 have been identified in various B-cell lymphomas including DLBCL.¹ KLF2 mutations are among the most common mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL).² KLF2 is one of [a number of genes](https://github.com/morinlab/LLMPP/wiki/ashm) affected by aberrant somatic hypermutation in B-cell lymphomas, which complicates the interpretation of mutations at this locus. These mutations are associated with the **BN2** genetic subgroup of DLBCL.³ KLF2 mutations have been shown to impair the ability of KLF2 to suppress NF-κB activation by TLR, BCR, BAFFR, and TNFR signaling, thereby promoting lymphomagenesis. This implicates KLF2 as a tumor suppressor in B-cell lymphomas.² Contradictory to this, the mutation pattern in DLBCL implies selective pressure to retain a full-length protein.

## History

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## Overview

KLHL14 (Kelch-like family member 14) is a gene that has been identified as playing a role in B-cell lymphomas, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).<sup>1</sup> KLHL14 has been identified as a recurrent target of somatic mutations in ABC DLBCLs. These mutations are a feature of the MCD genetic subgroup of DLBCL. The gene encodes a protein involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and its inactivation leads to increased cell proliferation and survival, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor.<sup>2</sup> KLHL14 loss has been shown to BCR-dependent NF-κB activation and cell survival in DLBCL.<sup>2</sup> This gene has some mutation hotspots but the patter of mutation overall is consistent with its role as a tumor suppressor gene.

## History

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## Overview

KRAS mutations are rare but occur in some cases of DLBCL.<sup>1</sup> These often affect the most common KRAS hotspot sites that are mutated in other solid cancers (G12 and G13).

## History

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## Overview

LCOR (Ligand Dependent Nuclear Receptor Corepressor) is involved in the regulation of gene expression by acting as a corepressor for various nuclear receptors and transcription factors. It influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, which can impact cell growth and differentiation. Although recurrently mutated in DLBCL, owing to different annotations of this gene and C10orf12 in hg19 and hg38, there is some confusion about the mutation rate.

## History

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## Overview

MEF2B is one of [a number of genes](https://github.com/morinlab/LLMPP/wiki/ashm) affected by aberrant somatic hypermutation in B-cell lymphomas, which complicates the interpretation of mutations at this locus. MEF2B mutations are observed in a significant subset of follicular lymphoma cases, as well as in other B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and MCL.<sup>1</sup> MEF2B has known hotspot mutations that affect multiple distinct domains of the protein.

## History

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## Overview

MEF2C is one of [a number of genes](https://github.com/morinlab/LLMPP/wiki/ashm) affected by aberrant somatic hypermutation in B-cell lymphomas, which complicates the interpretation of mutations at this locus.

## History

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## Overview

MGA acts as a transcriptional repressor and interacts with MYC, a well-known oncogene. Mutations in MGA have been described in DLBCL.<sup>1</sup> One study suggested MGA mutations were more common in DLBCLs in patients of African ancestry.<sup>2</sup> The mutation pattern in MGA is consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor gene.

## History

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